Physical Therapy at PhysioFit
Orthopedic
Orthopedic physical therapy treats a variety of conditions that may result from overuse
injuries, trauma, surgery, sports related injuries and accidents.
Orthopedic physical therapy treats a variety of conditions that may result from overuse
injuries, trauma, surgery, sports related injuries and accidents.
- Arthritis
- Bursitis
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Fractures
- Headaches
- Joint pain/dysfunction
- Muscle pain/dysfunction
- Osteoporosis
- Pain in regions of: neck, back, pelvis, leg, foot, arm, hand, shoulder elbow, wrist,
hip, knee, ankle - Post-surgical pain/dsyfunction
- Pregnancy and/or postpartum pain
- Repetitive stress injury
- Spinal pain/dysfunction
- Sports injury
- Sprain/strain
- Tendinitis
- TMJ pain/dysfunction
- Whiplash
- Work Injuries
Manual Therapy
Manual physical therapy involves a "hands on approach" to treating patients with orthopedic injuries, pain
and/or dysfunctions.
Manual physical therapy involves a "hands on approach" to treating patients with orthopedic injuries, pain
and/or dysfunctions.
- Joint mobilization
- Soft tissue manipulation
- Myofascial release
- Craniosacral therapy
- Neuromuscular re-education
- Neurodynamic mobilization
- Manual traction
- Muscle energy techniques
- Taping
Post-Surgical Rehabilitation
Post-surgical rehabilitation is focused on recovery after surgery, including pain management, increasing range
of motion/flexibility, as well as strengthening and adaptation training as appropriate.
Post-surgical rehabilitation is focused on recovery after surgery, including pain management, increasing range
of motion/flexibility, as well as strengthening and adaptation training as appropriate.
- Ankle/foot surgery
- Back surgery
- Hip surgery
- Knee surgery
- Neck surgery
- Shoulder surgery
- Joint replacement
- Post-masectomy
Vestibular and Balance Rehabilitation
Vestibular therapy can help patients with vestibular disorders achieve a significant improve strength, gait, and
normal functioning, along with learning how to better manage their symptoms.
Goals of Therapy:
Reduce or eliminate symptoms
Increase physical activity level and condition
Reduce impairments
Patient education
Improve function and mobility
Therapeutic Intervention Options:
Ocular-motor exercises
Gait training
Gaze stabilization/adaptation exercise
General conditioning
Habituation exercise
Patient education
Balance activities
BPPV single-treatment maneuvers
Patient diagnoses that could benefit from therapy:
Vestibular Disorders
Central Nervous System Disorders
Multi-Factorial Balance Disorders
Patient Complaints and Symptoms
Disequilibrium/imbalance/unsteadiness – decreased ability to control center of gravity over base of support
Dizziness – abnormal sensation of person’s position or sense of movement in relation to the environment
Vertigo – feeling of spinning in space (person or environment)
Vestibular therapy can help patients with vestibular disorders achieve a significant improve strength, gait, and
normal functioning, along with learning how to better manage their symptoms.
Goals of Therapy:
Reduce or eliminate symptoms
Increase physical activity level and condition
Reduce impairments
Patient education
Improve function and mobility
Therapeutic Intervention Options:
Ocular-motor exercises
Gait training
Gaze stabilization/adaptation exercise
General conditioning
Habituation exercise
Patient education
Balance activities
BPPV single-treatment maneuvers
Patient diagnoses that could benefit from therapy:
Vestibular Disorders
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
- Perilymph fistula
- Age-related degeneration of vestibular system
- Post-acoustic neuroma re-section
- Vestibular nerve section
- Labyrinthectomy
Central Nervous System Disorders
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)*
- Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)*
- Cerebellar dysfunction
Multi-Factorial Balance Disorders
- Visual, sensory, central NS, vestibular, musculo-skeletal
- Visual-motor dysfunction
Patient Complaints and Symptoms
Disequilibrium/imbalance/unsteadiness – decreased ability to control center of gravity over base of support
Dizziness – abnormal sensation of person’s position or sense of movement in relation to the environment
Vertigo – feeling of spinning in space (person or environment)
Lymphedema Therapy
Lymphedema is a swelling in the soft tissues of the arm(s), leg(s) and/or abdomen caused by the buildup of
lymph fluid. This can occur due to damage to the lymphatic system as a result of trauma, parasites, surgery or
radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer.
Some diagnoses that may result in lymphedema:
Therapeutic treatment options:
Contraindications to manual lymph drainage:
Lymphedema is a swelling in the soft tissues of the arm(s), leg(s) and/or abdomen caused by the buildup of
lymph fluid. This can occur due to damage to the lymphatic system as a result of trauma, parasites, surgery or
radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer.
Some diagnoses that may result in lymphedema:
- Post-surgical: most common in patients following lumpectomy or mastectomy
- Post-surgical: unresolved edema following any surgery
- Peripheral vascular disorders
- Trauma - burn, radiation, physical injury
- Idiopathic or primary lymphedema
Therapeutic treatment options:
- Skin care
- Patient education
- Manual lymphatic drainage
- Skin care
- Patient education
- Bandaging/taping for compression
- Exercise – ROM, stretching, strengthening (low weight), conditioning
- Recommendations for custom versus off-the-shelf compression garments
Contraindications to manual lymph drainage:
- Malignant tumors (untreated)
- Acute infection or active infection (bacterial or viral)
- Cardiac decompensation (CHF)
- Thrombosis (DVT)
- Non-therapeutic levels with use of blood thinners (i.e., Coumadin)
Women's Health
Women have unique needs that can be addressed specifically by physical therapists, and here at PhysioFit, we
do just that.
These are just some of the issues that can be treated in our Women's Health Program:
We can also treat a variety of pre- and postpartum issues:
The physical therapists work may work internally and externally using manual skills to provide well-rounded
treatment plans that provide a multitude of options for women's health needs.
In addition to exercise, specific methods may be used such as biofeedback, electrical stimulation and ultrasound
therapy.
Women have unique needs that can be addressed specifically by physical therapists, and here at PhysioFit, we
do just that.
These are just some of the issues that can be treated in our Women's Health Program:
- Urinary incontinence/leakage
- Pelvic pain
- Pelvic pain with intercourse
We can also treat a variety of pre- and postpartum issues:
- Diastasis recti (abdominal wall separation)
- Back and pelvic pain
- Block milk ducts
- Postural concerns
The physical therapists work may work internally and externally using manual skills to provide well-rounded
treatment plans that provide a multitude of options for women's health needs.
In addition to exercise, specific methods may be used such as biofeedback, electrical stimulation and ultrasound
therapy.
| If you have questions about any of these therapies, please feel free to contact us and speak with our office staff or a physical therapist. (650) 947-8500 |
The ATM2 Machine
The ATM2 was featured in the May 10, 2008 issue of Golf Week Magazine and is now available for use at
PhysioFit Physical Therapy. The ATM2 machine works to help patients increase range of motion, improve
function, and reduce pain. In many cases, it is able to not only to eliminate pain almost immediately, but can
also teach the patient the correct form to minimize symptoms in the future. The ATM2 allows physical
therapists to simultaneously aid in the repositioning as well. Once symptoms are reduced or eliminated, the
ATM2 helps to train the appropriate muscles to memorize the proper firing pattern to control pain and prevent
relapses.
Kim Gladfelter, owner of PhysioFit, has been very pleased with the ATM2
and recently had her testimony published on the official website of the
ATM2:
At PhysioFit Physical Therapy, we use the ATM2 to treat people with back, hip, neck and shoulder pain.
Because of this new addition to our clinic, we have experienced some incredible results. We feel it has been
very significant in helping our patients understand the relationship of exercise, stretching, and posture to
their symptoms. Patients and clients have realized how important it is to be proactive in managing their pain
and improving performance in a sport or hobby. By setting up a patient or client up on the ATM2, we have
been able to help them focus on how it feels to engage the core muscles. In turn, this has increased the
effectiveness of our use of Pilates in rehabilitation and fitness training, which requires strengthening core
muscles.
The ATM2 has been a tremendous help for our clinic. Each belt isequivalent to a physical therapist’s
stabilization allowing your physical therapist to direct the active therapeutic movement more effectively. Using
the ATM2 is like having several therapists working simultaneously! Not only have we been able to treat a
variety of diagnoses in people with an orthopedic mechanical dysfunction, but it has also helped decrease
pain and stiffness in joints, increase range of motion and stretch tight muscles.
Patients have reported a significant decrease in chronic pain and difficulty with activities of daily living that
were completely corrected/eliminated with the use of the ATM2. We are excited to have such wonderful
results and look forward to helping others!
Kim Gladfelter, MPT, OCS, FAAOMPT
Owner, PhysioFit Physical Therapy
Los Altos, CA
The ATM2 was featured in the May 10, 2008 issue of Golf Week Magazine and is now available for use at
PhysioFit Physical Therapy. The ATM2 machine works to help patients increase range of motion, improve
function, and reduce pain. In many cases, it is able to not only to eliminate pain almost immediately, but can
also teach the patient the correct form to minimize symptoms in the future. The ATM2 allows physical
therapists to simultaneously aid in the repositioning as well. Once symptoms are reduced or eliminated, the
ATM2 helps to train the appropriate muscles to memorize the proper firing pattern to control pain and prevent
relapses.
Kim Gladfelter, owner of PhysioFit, has been very pleased with the ATM2
and recently had her testimony published on the official website of the
ATM2:
At PhysioFit Physical Therapy, we use the ATM2 to treat people with back, hip, neck and shoulder pain.
Because of this new addition to our clinic, we have experienced some incredible results. We feel it has been
very significant in helping our patients understand the relationship of exercise, stretching, and posture to
their symptoms. Patients and clients have realized how important it is to be proactive in managing their pain
and improving performance in a sport or hobby. By setting up a patient or client up on the ATM2, we have
been able to help them focus on how it feels to engage the core muscles. In turn, this has increased the
effectiveness of our use of Pilates in rehabilitation and fitness training, which requires strengthening core
muscles.
The ATM2 has been a tremendous help for our clinic. Each belt isequivalent to a physical therapist’s
stabilization allowing your physical therapist to direct the active therapeutic movement more effectively. Using
the ATM2 is like having several therapists working simultaneously! Not only have we been able to treat a
variety of diagnoses in people with an orthopedic mechanical dysfunction, but it has also helped decrease
pain and stiffness in joints, increase range of motion and stretch tight muscles.
Patients have reported a significant decrease in chronic pain and difficulty with activities of daily living that
were completely corrected/eliminated with the use of the ATM2. We are excited to have such wonderful
results and look forward to helping others!
Kim Gladfelter, MPT, OCS, FAAOMPT
Owner, PhysioFit Physical Therapy
Los Altos, CA
physiofit physical therapy || 1000 fremont avenue, suite 108 || los altos, ca 94024 || p 650.947.8500 || f 650.947.8501
The Back2Life Machine
The Back2Life Machine is for chronic low back pain sufferers who desire to try something new to alleviate the
pain. It uses a continuous passive motion to gently soothe any tight muscles in the back and release
pressure built up in between vertebrae. Users lay on a flat surface and put their legs up on the comfortable
unit, and the Back2Life machine does all the work for you -- slow, rhythmic movements. After using the
machine, you may have an improvement in low back mobility, pain and pressure.
Although Back2Life aims to relieve chronic low back pain, there are some people who should not use the
machine. If you have one or more of these conditions, then you should not use the Back2Life:
If you would like to try the Back2Life at PhysioFit, please consult a qualified physician beforehand, especially
if you are suffering from low back pain with the evidence of underlying disease or abnormalities (i.e.,
malignancy), if your back pain is induced by a recognized, suspected or impending fracture, or if you suffer
from any form of developing or new neurological deficit (drop foot, bladder dysfunction, etc.).
The Back2Life machine can be used as an independent program. Each independent Back2Life program
session is approximately 15-20 minutes long and costs $25, due at the time of service.
If you would like more information, you may inquire at PhysioFit or
check out Back2Life's official website.
The Back2Life Machine is for chronic low back pain sufferers who desire to try something new to alleviate the
pain. It uses a continuous passive motion to gently soothe any tight muscles in the back and release
pressure built up in between vertebrae. Users lay on a flat surface and put their legs up on the comfortable
unit, and the Back2Life machine does all the work for you -- slow, rhythmic movements. After using the
machine, you may have an improvement in low back mobility, pain and pressure.
Although Back2Life aims to relieve chronic low back pain, there are some people who should not use the
machine. If you have one or more of these conditions, then you should not use the Back2Life:
- Pregnant
- Back surgery, including spinal fusion, in the last year
- Thigh surgery in the last six months
- Suffer from listhesis (spinal misalignment of grade II or above)
- Acute back/hip issues or severe pain
- Central pressure on the spinal cord with the following symptoms: poor balance,
If you would like to try the Back2Life at PhysioFit, please consult a qualified physician beforehand, especially
if you are suffering from low back pain with the evidence of underlying disease or abnormalities (i.e.,
malignancy), if your back pain is induced by a recognized, suspected or impending fracture, or if you suffer
from any form of developing or new neurological deficit (drop foot, bladder dysfunction, etc.).
The Back2Life machine can be used as an independent program. Each independent Back2Life program
session is approximately 15-20 minutes long and costs $25, due at the time of service.
If you would like more information, you may inquire at PhysioFit or
check out Back2Life's official website.
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Physical Therapy for Children
Pediatric patients often require physical therapy to treat the common growth, development, and sports-related
issues of childhood and adolescence. PhysioFit physical therapists are specially trained to address such pediatric
conditions through targeted movement, exercises, and education. Here are just some of the pediatric-specific
issues that can be treated at PhysioFit:
Patellofemoral Syndrome:
Caused by a discrepancy in muscle strength between the inner and outer muscles around the knee, this
condition results in inappropriate patella tracking and pain around the kneecap. This issue is most common in
pre-teen and teenage girls and is aggravated by activities that use the knee muscles (e.g. running, jumping,
deep squats).
How can PhysioFit help?
Quadricep strengthening as well as stretching of the hip, hamstring, calf, and iliotibial band can help patients
improve patella tracking. Our therapists guide patients through such strengthening, lengthening, and stretching
exercises, as well as use manual techniques and taping (Mc Connell and Kinesiotape) to help reduce/eliminate
the pain associated with this syndrome.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease:
This condition is one of the most common causes of knee pain in young athletes. It causes swelling, pain and
tenderness just below the knee, over the tibia. Osgood-Schlatter disease likely results from pulling of the
quadricep muscles during the pre-teen/teenage growth spurt.
How can PhysioFit help?
Through Pilates-based exercises, our therapists train patients on spring/resistance equipment to promote
proper muscle strength and realign the patellar tendon. Along with manual techniques and taping, these
exercises not only reduce pain, but they also allow the patient to regain range of motion in their knee.
Shoulder Dislocation:
Typically caused by a fall, direct blow to the shoulder area, or forceful throwing/hitting, shoulder dislocation is a
common issue among active pediatric patients and often results in severe pain and/or an inability to participate
fully in contact sports.
How can PhysioFit help?
Our physical therapists guide patients through exercises to restore strength and range of motion of the
shoulder, thereby limiting the chance of a second dislocation as well as improving the likelihood of continued
involvement in sports.
Scoliosis:
Children with scoliosis have a lateral curvature of the thoracic and/or thoracolumbar portions of the spine. Most
cases are mild, however, severe scoliosis may cause significant pain and be debilitating for an otherwise active
young patient.
How can PhysioFit help?
At PhysioFit, we train young patients in stretches and exercises to improve their posture and maximize their
range of motion. We also provide them with an education on ways to manage their symptoms and reduce back
pain for the long term.
Ankle Sprain:
A rather common injury among the pediatric population, ankle sprains occur when a ligament of the foot/ankle is
stretched beyond its normal limit. Forty percent of patients who experience this injury develop chronic ankle
instability making them susceptible to repeat ankle sprains.
How can PhysioFit help?
Our therapists use manual techniques and teach patients strengthening and proprioceptive exercises to regain
stability in the tendons and muscles of the ankle. Taping is used to reduce edema and pain, and increase
stability. In addition, gait training may be provided to prevent or break unfavorable habits. By providing a
customized rehabilitation program, we help them resume their normal activities as soon as possible as well as
prevent future injury.
Pitching Injuries:
Young pitchers may experience an injury or general discomfort due to overuse, poor throwing mechanics, or
improper conditioning of the shoulder/arm muscles. As many as 50% of Little League pitchers report pain in their
shoulder/arm sometime during the 3-month baseball season.
How can PhysioFit help?
We devise conditioning programs for young pitchers to address core strength, agility, and stamina so that they
can continue their involvement in sports and reduce their risk of a chronic shoulder/arm condition.
Pediatric patients often require physical therapy to treat the common growth, development, and sports-related
issues of childhood and adolescence. PhysioFit physical therapists are specially trained to address such pediatric
conditions through targeted movement, exercises, and education. Here are just some of the pediatric-specific
issues that can be treated at PhysioFit:
Patellofemoral Syndrome:
Caused by a discrepancy in muscle strength between the inner and outer muscles around the knee, this
condition results in inappropriate patella tracking and pain around the kneecap. This issue is most common in
pre-teen and teenage girls and is aggravated by activities that use the knee muscles (e.g. running, jumping,
deep squats).
How can PhysioFit help?
Quadricep strengthening as well as stretching of the hip, hamstring, calf, and iliotibial band can help patients
improve patella tracking. Our therapists guide patients through such strengthening, lengthening, and stretching
exercises, as well as use manual techniques and taping (Mc Connell and Kinesiotape) to help reduce/eliminate
the pain associated with this syndrome.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease:
This condition is one of the most common causes of knee pain in young athletes. It causes swelling, pain and
tenderness just below the knee, over the tibia. Osgood-Schlatter disease likely results from pulling of the
quadricep muscles during the pre-teen/teenage growth spurt.
How can PhysioFit help?
Through Pilates-based exercises, our therapists train patients on spring/resistance equipment to promote
proper muscle strength and realign the patellar tendon. Along with manual techniques and taping, these
exercises not only reduce pain, but they also allow the patient to regain range of motion in their knee.
Shoulder Dislocation:
Typically caused by a fall, direct blow to the shoulder area, or forceful throwing/hitting, shoulder dislocation is a
common issue among active pediatric patients and often results in severe pain and/or an inability to participate
fully in contact sports.
How can PhysioFit help?
Our physical therapists guide patients through exercises to restore strength and range of motion of the
shoulder, thereby limiting the chance of a second dislocation as well as improving the likelihood of continued
involvement in sports.
Scoliosis:
Children with scoliosis have a lateral curvature of the thoracic and/or thoracolumbar portions of the spine. Most
cases are mild, however, severe scoliosis may cause significant pain and be debilitating for an otherwise active
young patient.
How can PhysioFit help?
At PhysioFit, we train young patients in stretches and exercises to improve their posture and maximize their
range of motion. We also provide them with an education on ways to manage their symptoms and reduce back
pain for the long term.
Ankle Sprain:
A rather common injury among the pediatric population, ankle sprains occur when a ligament of the foot/ankle is
stretched beyond its normal limit. Forty percent of patients who experience this injury develop chronic ankle
instability making them susceptible to repeat ankle sprains.
How can PhysioFit help?
Our therapists use manual techniques and teach patients strengthening and proprioceptive exercises to regain
stability in the tendons and muscles of the ankle. Taping is used to reduce edema and pain, and increase
stability. In addition, gait training may be provided to prevent or break unfavorable habits. By providing a
customized rehabilitation program, we help them resume their normal activities as soon as possible as well as
prevent future injury.
Pitching Injuries:
Young pitchers may experience an injury or general discomfort due to overuse, poor throwing mechanics, or
improper conditioning of the shoulder/arm muscles. As many as 50% of Little League pitchers report pain in their
shoulder/arm sometime during the 3-month baseball season.
How can PhysioFit help?
We devise conditioning programs for young pitchers to address core strength, agility, and stamina so that they
can continue their involvement in sports and reduce their risk of a chronic shoulder/arm condition.
Sports Rehabilitation
PhysioFit has extensive experience treating competitive athletes as well as those participating in recreational
sports. Out skilled therapist combine manual therapy with strengthening/rehabilitating Pilates-based exercise
to achieve a timely recovery. The ultimate goal is to help athletes return to their sport of interest with improved
performance and a keen awareness of injury prevention. PhysioFit also offers a variety of post-rehabilitation
programs that promote continued athletic strength and performance for the long term. Below are just some of
the common sports-related injuries treated at PhysioFit:
Baseball
PhysioFit has extensive experience treating competitive athletes as well as those participating in recreational
sports. Out skilled therapist combine manual therapy with strengthening/rehabilitating Pilates-based exercise
to achieve a timely recovery. The ultimate goal is to help athletes return to their sport of interest with improved
performance and a keen awareness of injury prevention. PhysioFit also offers a variety of post-rehabilitation
programs that promote continued athletic strength and performance for the long term. Below are just some of
the common sports-related injuries treated at PhysioFit:
Baseball
- Repetitive stress and overuse injuries leading to shoulder/elbow instability/pain
- Shoulder, back and neck pain
- Knee injuries (ACL and cartilage tears)
- Overuse and stress fractures in the hip/foot
- Knee/foot malalignment that leads to pain
- Shoulder, elbow, knee and back injuries
- Back, hip, knee, and ankle/foot injuries
| If you are new to PhysioFit and you would like to schedule an appointment, click here! |
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Blocked Milk Duct Ultrasound Treatment
Blocked milk ducts can be a problem for many women during the baby's
nursing stage. The hardened milk can cause pain and discomfort.
There are two forms of ultrasound:
Blocked milk ducts can be a problem for many women during the baby's
nursing stage. The hardened milk can cause pain and discomfort.
There are two forms of ultrasound:
- Diagnostic ultrasound that your doctor uses to see your baby
- Treatment ultrasound that is used in physical therapy
How does ultrasound therapy work?
Ultrasound can aid in breaking up the hardened milk if traditional methods
of hotcompresses and massage have not worked. With its therapeutic heat properties, it can also help with
the pain caused by the blockage. We have found ultrasound to be effective because it is a deep treatment,
whereas traditional approaches may be too superficial for a patient who has a significantly clogged duct.
Although ultrasound may not completely unblock the duct right away, it does break up the hardened milk
enough to provide more success once pumping or nursing resumes. Most of the women we see require only
one ultrasound treatment to dissolve the blockage and relieve pain.
Some reasons why milk ducts become blocked:
If a woman has several blockages that always affect the same area, cysts may be the likely cause. Ultrasound
can still work for such blockages, but these women may have ongoing problems while nursing. Typically this
situation worsens over time as the milk supply increases due to the baby’s increased demand.
After treatment:
Apply heat compresses and use massage while nursing or pumping immediately following a treatment. These
combined approaches have helped to clear the blockages.
When massaging, make sure you use firm pressure and begin under the far end of the blockage and move
toward the nipple.
Taking a very warm bath and/or upper body exercise to increase circulation around the milk ducts may also
help.
If you notice something white on your nipple, it could be the blockage; try to pull it out if it comes easily.
Any efforts to increase circulation/flow of milk (ultrasound, heat, massage) should always be immediately
followed up with nursing or pumping as soon as possible, or the blockage could worsen.
Ultrasound can aid in breaking up the hardened milk if traditional methods
of hotcompresses and massage have not worked. With its therapeutic heat properties, it can also help with
the pain caused by the blockage. We have found ultrasound to be effective because it is a deep treatment,
whereas traditional approaches may be too superficial for a patient who has a significantly clogged duct.
Although ultrasound may not completely unblock the duct right away, it does break up the hardened milk
enough to provide more success once pumping or nursing resumes. Most of the women we see require only
one ultrasound treatment to dissolve the blockage and relieve pain.
Some reasons why milk ducts become blocked:
- Baby is not a good nurser
- Extended time between feedings (return to work, baby sleeping through night)
- Incomplete nursing or pumping
- Stress (may interfere with let-down)
- Cysts or fibrotic tissue in the breast can also cause milk duct blockages (due to pressure on the milk duct)
If a woman has several blockages that always affect the same area, cysts may be the likely cause. Ultrasound
can still work for such blockages, but these women may have ongoing problems while nursing. Typically this
situation worsens over time as the milk supply increases due to the baby’s increased demand.
After treatment:
Apply heat compresses and use massage while nursing or pumping immediately following a treatment. These
combined approaches have helped to clear the blockages.
When massaging, make sure you use firm pressure and begin under the far end of the blockage and move
toward the nipple.
Taking a very warm bath and/or upper body exercise to increase circulation around the milk ducts may also
help.
If you notice something white on your nipple, it could be the blockage; try to pull it out if it comes easily.
Any efforts to increase circulation/flow of milk (ultrasound, heat, massage) should always be immediately
followed up with nursing or pumping as soon as possible, or the blockage could worsen.
